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Background and Objectives: Identifying  maternal and neonatal risk factors and timely resuscitation at birth can lead to the prevention of asphyxia, which is the third leading cause of neonatal death in the world. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the need for neonatal resuscitation and its related factors in the delivery rooms of hospitals in  Zanjan province.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in two years. The prevalence and risk factors of neonatal resuscitation, resuscitation processes, and its short term prognosis were extracted. Data were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression with SPSS18 software.
Results: Results showed that 9.9% of newborns needed initial resuscitation and 1.5% needed advanced resuscitation. Cesarean delivery and normal delivery by means of forceps or vacuums, maternal diseases, and interventions during labor increased the chance for the need of resuscitation. Also, for each week increase in the gestational, one gram increase in newborn weight, and an mother educational level the probability of the need for a newborn resuscitation is reduced.
Conclusion: Delivery type, maternal underlying diseases, interventions during labor, maternal demographic factors, gestational age and newborn’s weight were the most important risk factors associated with the need for resuscitation. Identifying the predictors need for newborn resuscitation is important for planning and effective interventions.